The way we think about these matters is further confused by the assumptions we make about causation being linear and unidirectional.

Perhaps we complicate things for ourselves by trying to see things in linear terms when a rather more messy complex of interacting factors might be a more valid interpretation.

Acknowledging and affirming a person’s vivid experience and the struggle towards recovery - and simultaneously seeking to modulate or attenuate the intense distress and confusion that is part of the process - requires a difficult and time elusive balance.

We live in a world increasingly preoccupied with information or data. We attach value to the accumulation of more and more information. We believe that this will grant us greater control over the circumstances of our lives, or enable us to reach beyond ourselves.

One critical step in this process is to re-imagine the symptom not merely as a sign of a pathological process but as an endeavour to find meaning and regain control. This would entail acknowledging rather than dismissing these often bewildering symptoms.