It is understandable that socioeconomic ills or bereavement are unlikely to be ameliorated by a chemical agent, whereas the more severe form of depression - which seems more probably to have a biological basis - should be more likely to respond.
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This circus of cliches and caricatures affords vicarious pleasures but also does harm. It is seldom that we read textbooks or scientific articles to inform ourselves about mental illness. Intentionally or not, we become informed by accounts in literature and film and theatre.
Treating the hardships of life with an antidepressant medicine fails to acknowledge difficult and complex life circumstances, offering rather a simplistic, paternalistic, pharmacological sop, and can undermine the necessary and more constructive process of developing the resources to cope with adversity as best as possible.
In a landmark study on homicide and suicide, it was observed that the lower social strata - due to chronic feelings of powerlessness - tended to project blame onto others and, therefore, were more prone to acts of homicide than suicide. By contrast, the more affluent classes - given their developed sense of self-efficacy - tended to internalise blame and, accordingly, were more inclined to commit suicide than homicide. Several studies have confirmed the aforementioned finding regarding the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and homicide-suicide ratios.
In the aforementioned South African study, for example, it is reported that perceived chronic radical discrimination acts independantly of other demographic variables - including several socioeconomic indicators - to negatively affect mental health. Around the world, young girls and women are particularly vulnerable to acts of physical, emotional and sexual abuse, along with all of the traumatogenic outcomes. Longitudinal studies since the 1930s have documented the impact of unemployment on physical and mental health. But when these forms of social suffering intersect in peopleโs lives - as in the case of impoverished black women, for instance - the adverse effects are compounded.
James Hillman has observed that depression may be a special problem in a society hell-bent on happiness. But letโs examine this connection more closely. It is possible to imagine that the situations life offers may not be happy ones and yet may be the most desirable of all.