*The publication of Eden Medina’s Cybernetic Revolutionaries, a very good history of the project, has helped in recent years.

You can’t say how much information a human being is taking in and reacting to at any given time, but you can easily observe the difference between a human being that is coping and one that is overloaded. That’s my diagnosis of what led to the series of connected political eruptions between the financial crisis and the pandemic. The hypothesis set out as early as 1970 by Alvin Toffler in his book Future Shock turned out to be correct: the number of people who were no longer able to cope with the modern world reached a critical mass.

Micheal Jackson’s Creative Problem Solving (John Wiley, 1991) is probably the one read if you really fancy having a go at applying management cybernetics to a real-world consulting assignment, although many friends swear by The Fractal Organization by Patrick Hoverstadt (John Wiley, 2011). Of course, Eden Medina’s Cybernetic Revolutionaries (MIT Press, 2011) is the definitive account of what really happened in Chile.

Flying Blind: The 737 MAX Tragedy and the Fall of Boeing by Peter Robinson (Penguin Business, 2021) is also an enthralling history of a massive accountability sink. I learned a huge amount from Gill Kernick’s Catastrophe and Systematic Change: Learning from Grenfell (London Publishing Partnership, 2021) about another case study in which interlocking systems combined to create a tragedy that couldn’t systematically be pinned on any single organisation, let alone an individual.

If you’re only familiar with the modern form of capitalism and management, it’s very worth reading As I See It (Prentice-Hall, 1976), the autobiography of J. Paul Getty, to see that things really did used to be different.