Each division is also responsible for creating the demand for its products by winning and retaining customers. Unlike other steel companies, Nucor’s plants aren’t mere manufacturing sites, but end-to-end businesses. Accordingly, each division has its own P&L, which is entirely free of corporate cost allocations.

Across the 5 company, full-time managers and executives, a population that doesn’t include team supervisors, account for only 2 percent of employment—four times less than the percentage in the overall economy. As a percentage of revenue, Nucor’s general and administrative expenses hover around 3 percent, or roughly half that of its competitors.

Exposing people to multiple skills and functions is a win-win. For individuals, the change in pace, activity, and colleagues makes work more interesting. In return, Nucor gets a workforce that’s able to solve complex, multidisciplinary problems.

True to the spirit of humanocracy, Nucor’s model isn’t about pushing employees to do more, but giving them the opportunity to be more—more than blue-collar workers, more than order takers, more than mere operators, more than employees. Nucor’s frontline team members are experts, innovators, risk takers, and owners.

SPECIALIZATION. Nucor’s team members are deeply skilled, but they’re also multiskilled. Shared targets, cross-training, and malleable roles help them tackle the sort of tough, boundary-spanning problems that yield big productivity gains. There are no “slots” at Nucor and, thus, no artificial limits on where and how team members can contribute.